Equivalent ways to define topology

In every course in basic topology one learns the standard way to define a topology on a set X, how to induce it from a basis, ambient space or a collection of functions into or out of the set. There are however other ways to associate a topology to a given set X which may come up in practice. Here is a list of some of the once I have come across, let me know if you think there should be more elements to the list, as I am not an expert on this stuff.

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